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第二十三章 指尖如酒

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    ReflectivePaper

    ◆TheoryXandTheoryY

    In1960,DouglasMcGregorsuggestedthetermsoftheoryXandtheoryYinhismanagementbook.TheoryXhadthreesystems,givingalittleornotrusttosubordinatesrespectively.TheoryY,onthecontrary,hadcompletetrustandconfidenceinsubordinates.Themanagercouldusethesetwodifferenttheoriestodistinguishemployeemotivations.

    Theprinciplecanchooseeithertheorytomotivatetheteachers.Thereisnoabsolutelyrighttheory,onlythemoresuitabletheoryinlightofdifferentsituations.

    Inmyopinion,theschoolwhichadoptstheoryXmaybecomemoreandmorerigid,butitcanalsorunsmoothly,aslongastheprinciplecankeeptheteachersobeythedisciplines.Ontheotherhand,theschoolwhichpreferstheoryYmaywitnessthecreativenessandvigorofteachers.However,thereisalsoariskthattheprinciplecanhardlycontroltheteachersanymore.

    Thesetwotheoriescanbothbeadoptedtomotivateteachers.However,thenewteacherscanalsobeintimidated,orconfused,ascribingvariousfactors,suchasschoolmanagementsystem’sintegrity,andtheteacher’spersonality.

    ◆Mutualpurpose

    Themutualpurposeisapracticalvision.Theleadercanuseittounitethesubordinates.Itislikeapieceofblueprint,helpingtheengineertoputbricksintorightplace.Thepurposecanbewrittendown,orimpliedinlife.Schein(2004)suggestedthatorganizationalcultureisapatternofsharedbasicassumptionsthatagroupworkingtogetherforacommongoalhasinventedinlearningtocopewiththeproblemsofexternaladaptationandinternalintegration.

    Workershavetheirownlifeexceptofworkingfortheschool.Sometimes,theirpersonalinterestmayconflictwiththeorganization’sbenefit.Astrongleadercanhelptheworkerstostrikethebalancebetweenworkandpersonallife,andcreateamutualvalueforthestaff.

    Withaspecificandpracticalpurpose,inductioncanbemoreeffective,reallyservesforlearning,andgoonsupportingtheperformanceandprofessionaldevelopmentfornewteachers.

    ◆Classicalorganizationaltheory

    ItisthecontraryofTaylor’sScientificManagementtheory.Itviewedthetotalorganization,insteadoftheindividualworker,asthefocusofattention.Forclassicaltheorists,anorganizationismuchmorethantheinterfaceofhumanandmachine.Theheadmastercanuseittomotivatetheteachers.Theteacherswouldfeelmorerespectedundertheleaderwiththismethod,andmayreturnwithenthusiasmandcreativity.

    ◆Organizationalculture

    Thistermcangobackto193-s

    ◆Basicassumptions

    Basicassumptionsareaboutpeople’snature,thenatureofhumanrelationships,thenatureofhumanactivity,andthenatureoftherelationshipsbetweenpeopleandtheirphysicalandsocialenvironments.Basicassumptionsinhumannatureareconsistof:Freedom-Determinism,Rationality-Irrationality,Holism-Elemetalism,Constitutionalism-Environmentalism,Subjectivity-Objectivity,Proactivity-Reactivity,Homeostasis-Heterostasis,andKnowability-Unknownablity.

    Theprinciplecanusethetheoryofbasicassumptionstounderstandtheemployees,andtomotiveaswellastoinductthem.Iftheworkersalwaysgetpositiveassumptionsfromthecampusenvironment,theymayoptimisticandwillingtocontribute,andviseversa.Theleadermayalsousethebasicassumptionstogetanalysisoftheinstitutionandworkers,thushelpdesigningthefuture.

    ◆Intelligence

    In1904,AlfredBinetinventedamethodtoidentifythosechildreninschoolwhoneededspecialhelp.Therebyamethodcameouttotellpeople’sintelligence.TheresultofthistestingsystemiscalledIntelligenceQuotient,alsoknownasIQ.Theprinciplecanusetheintelligencedistinguishsystemtosortoutstudents,anddecidethecurriculum.Forexample,thestudentswhoareespeciallygiftedwithhighIQmayfindtheregularcurriculumtooeasy,thusbecomeimpatientandla... -->>
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